英作文/節
提供: Internet Web School
英作文 ＞ 節
目次 |
節
節／従属節（以下クローズ＝Clausesと表記)とは、２つ以上の語のかたまりでS+Vを含みますが、それ自体ではセンテンスとして完全な意味を持ちません。 センテンスの中であたかも１つの品詞（語）であるように名詞的に（Noun Clauses)、形容詞的に（Adjective Clauses)、副詞的に（Adverbial Clauses)働きます。
名詞節 Noun Clauses
関係詞（who, what, why, how など）、疑問詞（who, what, why, where など）、従位接続詞（ that , if, whetherなど）に導かれ、センテンスの中で主語、目的語、補語、また先行する名詞を説明する同格の役割を果たします。節全体で１つの名詞のように働きます。
例文
□ The woman who lives across the street used to work for our company. ＜向かいに住んでいる婦人は以前私たちの会社で働いていた＞
□ Can you tell me where I can find the bus stop? ＜バス停の場所を教えていただけますか？＞
□ I know that he is a famous painter. ＜私は彼が有名な絵描きだということを知っている＞
□ The question is whether he will join us or not. ＜彼が私たちに加わるかどうかということが問題だ＞
□Ludwig van Beethoven, who wrote many outstanding works including the Nineth Symphony, was hearing-impaired in his last years. ＜交響曲第九番を始め多くの優れた楽曲を残したベートーベンは晩年耳が聞こえなかった＞
□ I'll give you whichever picture you like. ＜どちらでも君が好きなほうの絵をあげるよ＞
形容詞節 Adjective Clauses
関係詞（that, which, who, whose, why, when, where, asなど）の後にS+Vを伴い、センテンス内で先行する名詞や代名詞の意味を説明したり限定したりします。 修飾する名詞や代名詞の後ろに直接置くときには関係詞を省略することがありますが、カンマに挟んで補足的に説明する場合の関係詞は省けません。関係詞については文法の各項を参照してください。
例文
□ The president who made decision on the project is totally responsible. （太字部分=プロジェクトの決定をしたがThe president を修飾）
□ The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （ 太字部分=私が昨日買ったがThe book を修飾)
□ I would like to get some English books which I can read with ease. （太字部分=私が簡単に読めるが some English booksを修飾）
□ They are the children whom you saw in the park. （ 太字部分の=君が公園で見たがthe children を修飾）
□ I met a man whose son knows you. （太字部分=息子が君を知っているが a manを修飾。whoseの場合は直後に名詞が来るのが特徴）
□ That is the reason why you failed the test. （太字部分=なぜ君が試験に失敗したかが the reason を修飾）
□ Do you remember the hotel where we stayed last 12:29:46 （太字部分=この前私たちが宿泊したが the hotel を修飾）
□ This is the same wallet as I lost yesterday. （太字部分=私が昨日なくしたがthe same wallet を修飾）
句動詞 Phrasal Verbs
「動詞＋前置詞」、「動詞＋副詞」、「動詞＋副詞＋前置詞」、「動詞＋名詞＋前置詞」 で動詞の働きをする表現です。
動詞とあわせてよく使われる語
in on up away around about over by out off down back through along forward
- 例文：
■ Do you believe in Santa Claus? ■ The train was full. We couldn't get on. ■ I couldn't get up early this morning because I was very tired. ■ He agrees with them. ■ Watch out ! There's a car coming. ■ Please turn off the room light. ■ Frank is going away on the 6th and coming back on the 14th next month.
- 句動詞に前置詞がついた例：
■ You are walking too fast. I can't keep up with you. ■ The thief ran away from the police. ■ I am looking forward to seeing you in June.
句動詞の目的語の位置
句動詞の後ろでも動詞と副詞の間でもかまいませんが、目的語が代名詞（it, me, him, them, etc.）の場合のみ動詞と副詞の間に置きます。
- 例文：
■ I turned off the light. = I turned the light off. ■ I turned it off. （ turned off it. にはなりません）
■ Don't wake up the baby. ＝ Don't wake the baby up. ■ The baby is asleep. Don't wake her up.（wake up her. にはなりません）
練習問題
Exercise1 （前置詞句）
それぞれのセンテンスの前置詞句を書きなさい。各センテンスに１つとは限りません。
- He works in an office.
- After the movie we went to the coffee shop for ice cream.
- The math test did not seem too difficult for them.
- They were talking about who would go to the soccer game.
- The Suzukis live across the street from my grandmother.
- I went to the concert with James.
- Lisa told her boss she would see him at 9:00 in the morning.
- Let's meet in front of the theater.
- I could't sleep well because of the traffic noise.
- In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time.
→ 解答はこちら
Exercise2 （動名詞句）
A. それぞれのセンテンスの動名詞句を書きなさい。
- My mother's taking so much medicine worries me.
- While swiming in the river, we saw many small fish in a cave.
- Amy went out saying she would be back in an hour.
- Not knowing his address, I wasn't able to contact him.
- Having had dinner, we continued our video game.
B. 次の文に正しく続くものを (a)から(e)の中から選びなさい。
- We listened to the wind [ ].
- Wearing a ski cap in summer, [ ].
- I fell asleep [ ].
- Not being able to understand English, [ ].
- Leaving the house in a hurry, [ ].
選択群
- (a) watching TV
- (b) blowing violently outside
- (c) the boy didn't know what happened
- (d) Maria forgot to lock the front door
- (e) he looked ridiculous
→ 解答はこちら
Exercise3 （句動詞）
選択群Aにリストされている語と、選択群Bにリストされている語を組み合わせ、正しい自制でセンテンスを完成させなさい。 使われる語は一度だけとは限りません。
- My car ( ) on the way here.
- The weather is terrible outside. I hope it ( ) later.
- I like to ( ) at the stars in the sky at night.
- Have you really bought a new house? When are you ( ) ?
- I have ( ) of beer.
- There used to be a store behind the library, but it ( ) recently.
- You should not ( ) him.
- Sarah was offered a job as an interpreter , but she ( ) it ( ).
- These apples are rotten. ( ) them ( ).
- My sister is going to Japan tomorrow. I'm going to ( ) her ( ).
- 選択群A: move break run close clear see make fun turn back throw
- 選択群B: down in up off out at away of
→ 解答はこちら
